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Question 14
Regarding differences under the UCC in the treatment of merchants and non-merchants, which is true?
Answer
a. The UCC applies to merchants, but not to nonmerchants.
b. The UCC requires merchants' contracts to be in writing, but not those of nonmerchants.
c. The requirements for a merchant to form a contract are less stringent than those for nonmerchants, and merchants receive fewer protections than nonmerchants.
d. The consideration requirement has been eliminated for contracts between merchants, but is still present in contracts involving at least one nonmerchant.
Question 15
Which of the following is true relating to a "firm offer" under the UCC?
Answer
a. It can be made only by a merchant.
b. It must be in writing and signed by the merchant.
c. It may provide that the offer remain open for any period of time up to four months
d. A and B only.
Question 16
State law provides that existing shareholders may buy new issues of stock in the same proportion as their current holdings. This is done to allow the current stockholders to keep the same voting and dividend rights they had before the new issue. This right is known as a right of:
Answer
a. Redemption.
b. Ratification.
c. Preemption.
d. First refusal.
Question 17
Lee and Mary want Nick to replace Lee as a party to their contract. They can best accomplish this by agreeing to
Answer
a. an accord and satisfaction.
b. an assignment.
c. a novation.
d. a nullification.
Question 18
In a short form merger, which approvals are needed?
Answer
a. Votes by both boards of directors, but shareholders need not approve.
b. Vote by the board of directors of the surviving corporation, and for the corporation which does not survive, recommendation by the board of directors and vote by the shareholders.
c. Vote by the board of directors of the surviving corporation.
d. For both corporations, a vote by the shareholders, but no action by the board of directors.
Question 19
The doctrine which applies when one person confers a benefit on another who retains the benefit in a situation where it would be unjust to allow the recipient to retain the benefit is known as:
Answer
a. Quasi-contract.
b. Pseudo-contract.
c. Unjust-contract.
d. Unilateral-contract.
Question 20
A contractual clause establishing an amount of prospective damages for breach is best described legally as
Answer
a. Mitigation of damages
b. Liquidated damages
c. Against the law
d. Limitation of damages
Question 21
When can a customer list of an employer rise to the level of a legally protected trade secret?
Answer
a. When the list has information in it which possesses value and which the employer has made reasonable efforts to keep the list secret.
b. When the employer obtains a federal copyright or trademark on it.
c. When there is concrete evidence that all the employer's customers on the list would be willing to continue doing business with the employer.
d. When the people on the customer list are readily obtainable from public sources.
Question 22
Under merchant's protections statutes:
Answer
a. Reasonable grounds for detainment are necessary only if the period of detainment is long.
b. The length of detainment is not relevant as long as there is a reasonable grounds for detainment.
c. Any investigation and the period of detainment must both be reasonable.
d. Merchants do not have any ethical responsibility to investigate possible investigations of the suspect because this is the job of the police.
Question 23
Which of the following is TRUE about real property?
Answer
A. In a joint tenancy with a right of survivorship, when one joint tenant dies his or her interest in the property passes automatically to the surviving joint tenant, who is typically the surviving spouse.
B. The real estate contract is the legal instrument that transfers title to real property.
C. “Quitclaim deeds” are illegal since no warranties of title are made by the grantor.
D. Real property cannot be owned concurrently in the U.S. since the government will not know exactly who is going to pay the taxes on the property.
Question 24
Which of the following is the most correct statement of the requirements for a bona fide occupational qualification?
Answer
a. Job related and cost effective.
b. Job related and nondiscriminatory.
c. Job related and a business necessity.
d. Rationally based and evenly and ethically applied.
Question 25
Which of the following is a false statement?
Answer
A. The principal has a duty to compensate any agent, including a gratuitous one.
B. An agent is generally not liable on contracts made in connection with a fully disclosed agency.
C. The principal has a duty to cooperate with his or her agent.
D. A partially disclosed agency exists where the third party is aware that the party he or she is dealing with is an agent, but does not know the identity of the principal.
Question 26
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the tort of defamation?
Answer
A. Libel is written defamation.
B. Truth is an absolute defense to a defamation lawsuit.
C. “Publication,” that is, communication of the defamatory statement to a third party, is a required element to a defamation lawsuit.
D. In the case of a “slander per se,” for example, a defamatory statement accusing a person of committing a serious crime of moral turpitude, damage to the plaintiff’s reputation is not presumed since the defamation is merely oral.
Question 27
Written preincorporation subscription agreements:
Answer
a. cannot be revoked by the subscriber for six months
b. may not be rejected by the corporation after incorporation.
c. are not enforceable by the corporation after acceptance.
d. are automatically enforceable against the corporation when it is formed
Question 28
Athletic Goods, Inc. (AGI), agrees to sell sports equipment to Bob’s Sports Store. Before the time for performance, AGI clearly and firmly tells Bob that it will not deliver. This is
Answer
a. anticipatory repudiation.
b. perfect tender.
c. rejection of performance.
d. revocation of acceptance.
Question 29
A provision under the UCC which affects merchants differently from nonmerchants is:
Answer
a. The effect of additional terms in an acceptance.
b. The firm offer rule.
c. The written confirmation rule.
d. All of the above.
Question 30
Pursuant to the typical court procedure in a civil case lawsuit, the "pleadings" typically consist of:
Answer
a. The complaint and the answer
b. A plea to a judge for leniency at sentencing time
c. Giving depositions
d. Answering interrogatories
Question 31
Which is true about corporate criminal liability?
Answer
- Corporations have always been just as subject to criminal liability as individuals.
- Because a corporation cannot be sent to prison, they generally cannot be held criminally liable for the actions of their officers.
- If the criminal conduct can be traced to a specific person or persons, those persons will be liable and not the corporation.
- There can be liability for both the individuals who commit crimes and for the corporation on whose behalf the crimes were committed.
Question 32
Which is TRUE regarding the employment at-will doctrine in the United States?
Answer
A. It can result in a legal but immoral discharge of an employee.
B. It cannot be changed by a contract between the employer and the employee.
C. It is operable in the U.S. and can result in a discharge without notice or cause or good cause but the employer based on federal law has to pay severance to the discharged employee based on the number of years he or she has worked for the firm.
D. It supersedes and prevails over Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
Question 33
Digital Company plans to consolidate with Software Corporation to form DS, Inc. This requires the approval of
Answer
- neither their boards of directors nor their shareholders.
- their boards and their shareholders.
- their boards only.
- their shareholders only.
Question 34
Jose transfers his house by means of a deed to his mother for her lifetime and with a remainder to go to his sister. Thus,
Answer
A. Jose created a “life estate” in favor of his sister.
B. Jose reserved a remainder for himself.
C. Jose created a remainder in favor of his sister.
D. Jose did nothing since all future interests in real property are illegal.
Question 35
Which of the following best describes a merger?
Answer
- Two corporations jointly purchase a third corporation and operate it as a joint venture.
- Two corporations are combined to form a new third corporation, and the original two corporations cease to exist.
- Two corporations are combined, with one of the original corporations surviving and the other ceasing to exist.
- One corporation acquires all of the shares of second corporation, with both corporations retaining their separate legal existence, and the second a subsidiary of the first.
Question 36
A novation is best described as an example of
Answer
- Illegal activity
- A third party beneficiary contract
- A license
- An assignment and delegation combined
Question 37
The concept of in personam jurisdiction is that:
Answer
- A court has the power to enforce a judgment against a particular person.
- A party has a personal stake in the outcome of a particular case.
- Special requirements must be met in nonbusiness cases involving individuals.
- The case has been filed at the correct location within the state.
Question 38
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that:
Answer
a. Employers make an all-out effort to accommodate disabled employees regardless of cost or expense.
b. Employers make a "reasonable" accommodation to disabled employees.
c. Only large employers with over 1500 employees must make a reasonable accommodation to disabled employees due to the burdens involved.
d. None of the above.
Question 39
Which of the following is a false statement?
Answer
- Under the Rule of Reason, U.S. courts will consider the purpose and consequences of an agreement between vertical businesses to restrain trade or commerce.
- Market power is the power that a firm possesses to materially affect the market price of a product – up or down – at will.
- Price discrimination is not necessarily a violation of U.S. antitrust law.
- A firm that possesses a significant degree of market power is automatically violating monopolization antitrust laws in the United States.
Question 40
Which of the following corporate acts is most likely to be held ultra vires today?
Answer
- Contribution to a private university to help fund an entrepreneurship center
- Generous gratuity paid to the young widow of the corporation's founder
- Entering a joint venture with another business
- Installation of antipollution equipment not yet required by law