My budgie is 3-4 years old. He's been healthy. Recently

I'm sorry to hear about this with your budgie. You've described seizure activity. Here's what you need to know:

We see both simple (previously called petit mal) and complex partial (also called psychomotor) seizures as well as general seizures (previously called gran mal) in birds. Partial seizures may be represented by as little as a facial tic or abnormal motor or sensory activity or behavioral abnormalities. Wing twitching, fear, and aggression are common. Awareness is lost in general seizures and defecation, paddling, limb twitching, and chewing might be seen with this type of seizure.

Seizures can have either an intracranial (within the skull) or extracranial (outside the skull) origin. Intracranial causes include infection in the central nervous system; toxins such as lead, chocolate, and caffeine; neoplasia (brain tumor); cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), heat stress, and idiopathic (unknown cause) epilepsy reported in lovebirds, red-lored Amazons, and the greater Ind***** ***** mynah. Epilepsy is a diagnosis of exclusion after other causes of seizures are ruled out.

Extracranial causes include metabolic disorders, liver disorders, kidney failure, hypoxia (lack of oxygen usually due to respiratory compromise), heart failure, and nutritional deficiencies (in particular vitamin E and B1). What has his diet consisted of, please? Seeds should comprise less than 20% of his diet. A diet of mainly seed and nuts has excessive fat, carbohydrates, and phosphorus; marginal protein; adequate vitamin E, and are deficient in amino acids, calcium, available phosphorus, sodium, manganese, zinc, iron, vitamins A, D3 (necessary for efficient absorption of calcium), K, and B12, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, choline, and available niacin. Ideally, a balanced pelleted diet such as can be found here: www.harrisonsbirdfoods.com or here: www.lafeber.com/pet-birds should be fed as well as hard-boiled egg yolk, pancakes and cornbread, the tops of fresh greens, dairy products such as yogurt and cheese, fresh fruits such as apples, pears, melon, kiwi, and berries, vegetables such as broccoli, carrots, beets, asparagus, cabbage, sweet potato, and squash, and even tiny pieces of meat. Here are some tricks in transitioning him to pellets: https://www.harrisonsbirdfoods.com/using-our-foods/diet-conversion/

Initial treatment of a seizing bird requires an avian vet (www.aav.org) who can administer a benzodiazepine such as diazepam (Valium) or clonazepam (Klonopin). Dextrose and calcium might be given IV if hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hypocalcemia (low serum calcium level) are present.

If possible, causes of the seizures should be identified and eliminated. An avian vet will take a thorough history and perform a complete physical exam on him. Baseline data should include a complete blood count and biochemistries, blood lead level, and X-rays.

Long-term management requires anticonvulsant therapy such as with phenobarbital or levetiracetam. Unless the inciting cause can be identified and removed, the long term prognosis of the seizing bird must remain guarded.