Thanks for using J/A / Pearl
My answer is below.

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My answer may not be to your liking, but is a correct & honest answer.
Many times the only fix will be by Dealer or Shop, so please do not hold that against me.

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What could this mean? And does the light have to be on to get a code?

Typically this will have something to do with the EVAP System (smog), but you need to have the vehicle Scanned for Trouble Codes "prior" to any Repair or Parts.
Many Auto Parts Stores will Scan for FREE (AutoZone, etc.) & give you the meanings of the Trouble Codes
This will help pinpoint the problem & lead you to the cause

When the "Check Engine" Light comes on it stores a Trouble Code in the Computer
Use of Scan Tool will pull the Trouble Code

If you need further, please ask "before" you Rate my Answer...............