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The building codes do not address open fires that are outdoors, which would include the fireplace and barbecue. Your local zoning and fire codes would address this, however. To find your answer, you will need to contact your local zoning department and/ or fire department, which will tell you what is allowed and what is not. Open fire permission, can change drastically from one town to the next. One will allow free burning without any pit, while another won't allow any open fires at all....it's all up to your local officials
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What you are describing now, is a more controlled system. Prior, I thought you were planning on an open pit type of fire that could also be a barbecue.
I can envision now, what you are thinking of, and I think it is fine. The building code still doesn't address this type of barbecue/ fireplace setup and I think the reason is, is because what you are planning is relatively safe. I have seen these built quite a bit, and we have even designed a few in our firm. The setup is pretty much a landscape feature and is not close to, or not made out of any combustibles, which makes it safe. The fireplace and barbecue are a controlled fire, being surrounded by at least 3 sides, which is the best setup that you can get, as far as fire safety.
I think 9 feet from the garage is plenty, but do check with the local authorities for your area. My office has built them closer to combustibles, but every town is different. Make sure that other combustibles are far enough away, as well, such as wood deck, fence, etc. I also know that the top of a chimney is required to be at least 10 feet, measured horizontally, to any combustible material, so keep that in mind. If the garage wall is 9 feet away, but the roof slopes away from the fireplace, you should be good. If not, try to move your project over 1 foot, to get the 10 foot requirement.
Architect
Licensed Architect- 12 years, L.E.E.D. AP, Former Remodeling Contractor- 10 years