Freckles (ephelides) are benign tanned macules found on the skin of people who are genetically susceptible.
UV-A and UV-B radiation stimulate melanocytes to produce melanin which induces production of freckles.
Melanosomes of freckles are larger than in the surrounding skin. Melanosomes are organelles containing melanin which is the most common light-absorbing pigment found in animals (including humans).
Sun avoidance and makeup can be used to cosmetically decrease the appearance of freckles.
Chemical peels, cryotherapy, and laser treatment may make ephelides less pronounced. People susceptible to ephelides are at greater risk for developing skin cancers therefore they should use sunscreens that protect against UV-A and UV-B radiation and avoid sun exposure between peak hours of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
Dr. Hanson, MD, PhD
Doctor (MD)
Diplomate, American Board of Quality Assurance & Utilization Review Physicians