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What did Hubble conclude when he noted that light emitted
from stars is shifting toward the red end of the electromagnetic
spectrum?
A. The universe is expanding.
B. The universe is contracting.
C. The temperature of stars in increasing.
D. The temperature of stars is decreasing.
2. Compared to Earth, Jupiter
A. is much smaller.
B. has no moon.
C. rotates more quickly.
D. has a lower internal pressure.
The fact that the position of the constellations seems to change throughout the year is
evidence that
A. Earth is rotating. C. the sun is rotating.
B. Earth is revolving. D. the sun is revolving.
4. What early astronomer discovered why planets stay in their orbits?
A. Newton C. Copernicus
B. Galilei D. Kepler
5. Of the following stars, which one is the brightest?
A. Nova C. White dwarf
B. Main-sequence D. Red giant
6. As the moon moves around Earth, a person on Earth doesn't always see the fully lit side
of the moon. This phenomenon causes
A. eclipses of the moon. C. an increase in apogee.
B. phases of the moon. D. an increase in perigee.
7. Which one of the following planets would you expect to have a rocky crust and a dense
core?
A. Jupiter C. Neptune
B. Saturn D. Venus
8. One way in which scientists can determine the surface temperature of a star is by its
A. brightness. C. color.
B. composition. D. mass.
9. Cracks in the moon's bedrock are called
A. highlands. C. maris.
B. rilles. D. umbra.
10. The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of
A. Earth and Mars. C. Mars and Jupiter.
B. Jupiter and Saturn. D. Saturn and Uranus.
11. Why do astronomers use light-years to measure distances in space?
A. The movement of the stars makes it impossible to measure in Earth units.
B. The speed of light is slow enough to provide accurate measurements.
C. Equipment isn't sophisticated enough to measure any other way.
D. The distances are too great to measure in Earth units.
12. What happens during a lunar eclipse?
A. Earth's shadow falls on the moon.
B. The moon's shadow falls on Earth.
C. Earth moves out of the plane of the moon-sun orbit.
D. The moon moves out of the plane of the Earth-sun orbit.
13. Which one of the following groups is in the proper order from smallest to largest?
A. Mars, Jupiter, Pluto C. Pluto, Jupiter, Moon
B. Saturn, Mercury, Earth D. Venus, Neptune, Saturn
14. Which one of the following statements about the moon is correct?
A. The moon is the closest object in space to Earth.
B. Most of the moon's surface is covered by rocks with high water content.
C. The maria are ocean areas on the moon.
D. Most lunar craters were formed by erosion caused by glaciers.
15. What two characteristics of a star are plotted on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
A. Brightness and temperature C. Rotation and temperature
B. Brightness and age D. Rotation and age
16. We see only one side of the moon from Earth because
A. tilt of Earth on its axis causes it to face the same side of the moon.
B. the other side of the moon isn't illuminated when it faces Earth.
C. the moon rotates on its axis at the same rate at which it orbits Earth.
D. Earth's gravity holds the moon in place so it can't rotate.
17. What type of telescope detects energy that's outside the visible spectrum?
A. Refracting telescope C. Radio telescope
B. Reflecting telescope D. Spectroscope
18. The path in which one object travels around another object in space is called its
A. rotation. C. gravitation.
B. revolution. D. orbit.
19. What scientist first proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system?
A. Copernicus C. Kepler
B. Ptolemy D. Brahe
20. The unit light-year is a measure of
A. brightness. C. time.
B. distance. D. temperature
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