1) Give an example of a cofactor and describe why it’s important for the function of its asscociating protein.

2) Name and describe two uses for anitbodies in the biology laboratory.

3) Discuss whether the following statement is true or false: Proteins in the plasma membranes have unrestricted movement.

4) You are trying to determine the function of your favorite gene (YFG) by over-expressing it in bateria. First you amplify the gene by PCR out of a cDNA library and clone it into a plasmid. Why is important for the plamid to have an origin of replication?

5) You've generated organisms containing mutant forms of the following proteins. In which biological process will they be defective and why?
        a. Dynamin
       
        b. snRNPs

        c. adenylyl cyclase

6) Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Which is more similar to photophosphorylation?

7) You're concerned that you might have the mutant form of hemoglobin responsible for causing sickle cell anemia. You consider sequencing your entire genome, but you conclude that this would be very expensive and extremely time-consuming. After thinking about it, you realize that you can answer the same question by hybridization.
     a. Describe how this you would use hybridization to determine if you have the wild-type or mutant form of the gene.

     b. How important is the hybridization temperature in getting reliable results from this experiment?

8) Why is an alpha helix a favorable structure for a transmembrane protein?

9) Describe how a mutation in a gene encoding a cell-surface receptor could lead to cancer.