Nowadays all states are short on revenue and are very aggressive in collection processes.
If they do not have your record and you do not have any documentation - try to remember if you received a refund or paid additional taxes - in any way - there should be a record in your bank.
Your bank might charge you a fee for investigation - but they might file a proof that you indeed filed.
At the same time request from KS DOR information they have about your income - they should have information about your income and KS income tax withholding from your W2. Even if you owe some taxes - your withholding should reduce your liability.
Let me know if you need any help.
Tax Preparer
Taxes, Immigration, Labor Relations
You may ask to waive penalties if you provide a good reason for not filing.
I suggest you to have a local tax preparer to help you prepare a tax return and draw a letter asking to drop penalties.
But I may not say for sure if the will forgive penalties or not.
They will not forgive the interest unless it was their fault (like providing you with incorrect information, etc)