Hi there
Sorry to hear about your sick guinea pig, although it sounds as if he's in excellent hands and receiving very good treatment.
Your vet is correct about trauma being the most likely diagnosis, and although you haven't seen any traumatic events it may be that he has been mounted or being mounting, his brother, as they are at a sexually active age now, and will often try and mount one another to exert dominance. This certainly can lead to spinal trauma if it gets a bit rough.
The other options are spinal abscesses and embolisms.
I doubt very much that this is anything that could affect the other guinea pig, as there are no infectious diseases that i know of that could cause this, and the diet is too good for it to be scurvy(vit C deficiency).
I have seen a guinea pig recently, who made a full recovery, all be it over several weeks, with exactly the same symptoms, so don't loose hope.
Regards Andrea
Veterinarian
bvm&s mrcvs 15 years as a companion animal veterinarian