XXXXXXX,
While this is a difficult question to answer, I can give you some guidelines. In my true opinion your first trip to the vet really has nothing to do with vaccines. It's about getting someone educated to see your puppy, find problems early, giving advice for potty training or breed specific issues you may encounter, and get your puppy on the right foot for health care.
Different clinics offer different services. You can find clinics that give shots, deworm and thats it. Then there are more thorough clinics who do bloodwork, orthopedic examinations to look for knee cap and hip problems that are best addressed early, and offer behavioral consults.
Depending on what you are looking for, you should be able to find someone in your price range. The most expensive vet does not necessarily give the best service either. You should focus on finding a vet who sees your pet the way you see them. For example, a backyard stray, a farm dog, a working dog, or a family member. Each of those types of dogs has different issues and different values to owners, both emotionally and financially.
With all that being said when you adopt a dog and have three rounds of vaccines as well as a spay/neuter, you should expect to spend 300-500 in the first year if there are no problems. Now if you live in Manhattan NY, you're likely going to pay a lot more than someone in Smithville, IL.
You should call around and look for a vet that fits your needs. Some practices offer puppy payment schedules so you pay a little each month and it includes the first year of care.
I hope this helps you make your decisions. Vaccines are very important to avoiding some potentially life threatening diseases. Please feel free to email me if you have any more questions.
Dr Michael
Dog Veterinarian
4+ years additional specialty training after vet school