Hello,
Following are the usual causes;
1) Diaphragmatic irritation; hiatus hernia is a common disorder
2) Vagus nerve stimulation
3) infection in pharynx, inflammation in esophagus, swallowing difficulty
4) Metabolic disorders; sodium and potassium changes in the body
Following measures can be helpful
1) Sipping iced water
2) Biting a lemon
3) Forcible traction on tongue
4) Valsalva maneuver; read about it;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver
Read about the details of hiccups in this authentic resource;
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiccups/DS00975
Please feel free for your follow up questions.
Dr. Arun
Doctor (MD)
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Post-doctoral Fellowship in Sports Medicine
People who drink have esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Both of them can cause hiccups. Investigating on line of that would help as treatment can be instituted.
It is pleasure assisting you.