Doesn't the police officer have to obtain some kind of warrant or something from me before getting information about my medical history
Yes. The officer still should have obtained a release from you to submit to the doctor, unless you are the defendant in a criminal proceeding and the officer is conducting the criminal investigation.
I am not the defendant so you're saying he should have gotten my permission to ask my doctor about a medical condition
What is your relationship to the case? And is it criminal or civil?
It's a criminal case and I am the victim of domestic abuse which I am trying to recant as I was manic and told the officer what I vaguely remember that night. Should the officer still have gotten my permission to talk to my doctor and my doctor told him about my history?
No. Since you are a material witness, and you have inserted your manic condition in the case to recant your statement, the prosecution (the police on behalf of the District Attorney) can interview the doctor, since you have submitted the doctor's statement and this he is a witness as well.
Experience: 10+years of experience in all matters of civil litigation and Hearing Officer/Arbitrator