1. According to Kingsley Davis, a manifest function of
prostitution is that it
A. protects the bargaining position of married women.
B. provides a sexual outlet for men who can’t compete in
the marriage market.
C. increases sexual crimes of violence.
D. keeps many women properly employed and off the
streets.
2. Which of the following principles is illustrated by laws
requiring the use of seat belts?
A. Creation of values
B. Emphasis on voluntary compliance
C. Using laws to create norms
D. Elimination of values
3. In Freudian theory, the _______ is the natural, unsocialized
biological component of the psyche that includes hunger and
sexual urges.
A. id C. superego
B. ego D. me
4. In Mead’s theory, the “I” is the
A. self of which we’re aware.
B. self as social object.
C. spontaneous, creative part of the self.
D. selfless, other-centered part of the self.
5. Your text argues that _______ help to explain what’s common to humankind across
societies while _______ explains why people and societies differ from one another.
A. cultural universals; genetics
B. biological factors; culture
C. social structure; biology
D. technological advances; cultural universals
6. Lucinda has recently moved to the United States from Colombia. Her children no longer
speak Spanish and are learning to live like American children. Lucinda’s children are
experiencing
A. multiculturalism. C. cultural relativism.
B. ethnocentrism. D. assimilation.
7. Modern theories of cognitive development were developed primarily by
A. Jean Piaget. C. Sigmund Freud.
B. George Herbert Mead. D. Herbert Spencer.
8. The variable in a hypothesis that precedes or causes a change in the other variable in
the hypothesis is called the _______ variable.
A. control C. sample
B. independent D. dependent
9. Which of the following is the correct definition of sanctions?
A. Lifestyles that are opposed to the wider culture
B. Rewards for conformity and punishments for nonconformity
C. The forms of interaction through which people relate to one another
D. The expectation that people will return favors when they’re obligated to do so
10. The transmission of culture from one person (or generation) to the next is dependent
upon
A. a large brain.
B. the human capacity for creating and using technology.
C. natural human instincts.
D. the human capacity for language.
11. The difficulties that John and Mary experience in their marriage represent a personal
trouble. According to C. Wright Mills, the fact that 250 out of every 1,000 marriages
end in divorce within the first four years, however, is
A. a public issue.
B. a sign of moral collapse.
C. a latent dysfunction of marriage.
D. meaningless.
12. All of the following theoretical ideas are associated with Karl Marx, except
A. economic determinism.
B. dialectic.
C. positivism.
D. capitalism as a source of conflict and inequality.
13. Weber argues that part of the ideological foundation for capitalism came from
A. economic determinism. C. the American frontier.
B. Protestant religious values. D. changing modes of production.
14. The self-concept is best defined as
A. the way other people perceive us.
B. the spontaneous reaction we have to others in our daily lives.
C. the selfish egocentric part of the self.
D. a person’s thoughts regarding his or her personality and social roles.
15. According to theorists who embrace the symbolic interaction perspective,
understanding human behavior requires us to
A. recognize that meanings associated with behavior are static and don’t change.
B. become a member of the group we’re studying.
C. learn what behavior means to individual actors.
D. be willing to imitate and enter into the behavior of others.
16. Irving Goffman developed the concept of total institutions after working in a
A. mental hospital. C. cloistered monastery.
B. prison. D. boot camp.
17. “Society is like an organism, the parts work in harmony to contribute to the maintenance
of the whole. A healthy society is one that’s public.” These statements are
consistent with which sociological perspective?
A. Symbolic interaction C. Structural-functional theory
B. Cultural determinism D. Conflict theory
18 Norms that characterize the customary, normal, and habitual ways people are expected
to do things are known as
A. mores. C. customs.
B. laws. D. folkways.
19. Generalizing from what we’ve learned about monkeys, we can conclude that the effects
of neglect
A. have been overestimated.
B. are severe and irreversible.
C. are severe but may also be reversible.
D. always end in premature death.
20. Social values are defined by your text as
A. the normal, habitual ways of doing things.
B. shared ideas about what’s a valuable goal.
C. shared rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think and act.
D. strong ideas about what’s morally right or wrong as enforced by the police powers
of the state.