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For Susan Athena (Please have the service cancel the question

 

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For Susan Athena (Please have the service cancel the question for Mr. Glenn G then). Thanks.
Data set of all hospital discharges in New York with an admitting diagnosis of a heart attack who didn’t have surgery. There are 12, 844 cases. (age in years; sex coded M for males, F for females; diagnosis classified in terms of disease as 121 for heart attacks with cardiovascular complications who did not die, 122 for heart attacks without cardiovascular complications who did not die and 123 for heart attacks where the patient died; DRG’s group patients with similar management; LOS is the length of stay in the hospital; Died was marked 1 for patients who died and 0 if alive; Charge is the total hospital charge).

Patient Diagnosis Sex DRG Died Charges LOS Age
1 41041 F 122 0 4752 0010 079
2 41041 F 122 0 3941 0006 034
3 41091 F 122 0 3657 0005 076
4 41081 F 122 0 1481 0002 080
5 41091 M 122 0 1681 0001 055
6 41091 M 121 0 6378.6400 0009 084
7 41091 F 121 0 10958.520 0015 084
8 41091 F 121 0 16583.930 0015 070
9 41041 M 121 0 4015.3300 0002 076
10 41041 F 123 1 1989.4400 0001 065
11 41041 F 121 0 7471.6300 0006 052
12 41091 M 121 0 3930.6300 0005 072
13 41091 F 122 0 Yen * (MISSING DATA) 0009 083
14 41091 F 122 0 4433.9300 0004 061
15 41041 M 122 0 3318.2100 0002 053
16 41041 M 122 0 4863.8300 0005 077
17 41041 M 121 0 5000.6400 0003 053

A. Was the heart attack study a designed experiment or an observational study?
B. Looking at assumptions and conditions for inference for proportions list each of them and for each a comment on how they apply to the confidence interval for the proportion of patients who died.
C. Why are the median, midrange, range and IWR of little value for 0-1? (midrange average of the largest and smallest values)
a. Summary of died
b. Count 12844
c. Mean 0.109779
d. Median 0
e. Midrange 0.5
f. Standard deviation 0.312626
g. Range 1
h. IQR 0
d. create a confidence interval for the proportion of patients who are male. Use this to test the hypothesis that heart attack patients are evenly divided between male and female.




Already Tried:
I included what I got in the data set and questions.

Submitted: 329 days and 10 hours ago.
Category: Calculus and Above
Value: $30
Status: CLOSED
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Expert:  SusanAthena replied329 days and 10 hours ago.

Thank you for requesting me. The question says there are 12,844 cases but only 17 are listed here. Is there more data?

Customer replied329 days and 10 hours ago.

Yes, I apologize. How to upload the excel file?

Customer replied329 days and 10 hours ago.

Attachment: 2012-06-24_232224_heartatk.xls

Accepted Answer

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Expert:  SusanAthena replied329 days and 9 hours ago.

Thanks for that!

Your answer is below.

Kind regards,
Susan

This is an observational study. The researchers only observed what happened; they didn't put subjects into controlled, randomized trials and apply different treatments or manipulate any variables.

The main assumption for the confidence interval for proportion is the assumption of normality. In order to meet this, the smaller proportion has to have at least n = 5. In this case, 1410 patients died, so the assumption is met.

The median is of little use because there are only two values. Since more patients lived than died, the median will be 0. The median is essentially useless when all the data is at the ends of the range.

The IQR is useless for the same reason. The data through the 3rd quartile is just 0, so there's nothing to compare.

The range and midrange are useless because we know the range in advance; there are only two possible values.


d.

I calculated the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of men.

p +/- z * sqrt [p(1 - p)/n]
0.6057 +/- 1.96 * sqrt [( 0.6057 * 0.3943)/12844]
0.6057 +/- 1.96 * sqrt [0.0000186]
0.6057 +/- 0.00845
(0.5972, 0.6141)

Since the interval does not include 50%, we can be at least 95% confident that the true population proportion is not 50%. The proportion of male heart attack victims is greater than the proportion of female heart attack victims.

Expert TypeMaster's Degree
Category: Calculus and Above
Pos. Feedback: 100.0 %
Accepts: 77
Answered: 6/24/2012

Experience: Tutor for Algebra, Geometry, Statistics. Explaining math in plain English.

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Customer replied329 days and 9 hours ago.

What about independence assumption, randomization condition, 10% condition, sample size assumption, success/failure condition. With respect to question b.

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Expert:  SusanAthena replied329 days and 9 hours ago.

Hi. Thanks for that. I found this reference with the assumptions you mentioned.

http://www. google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CFMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcims.clayton.edu%2Fmhudachek%2Fbuswell_math_1231%2FClassnotes%2C%2520ppt%2F1231Chap19%2520CI.ppt&ei=QrTnT5ulM_Cu2AWdhJzaCQ&usg=AFQjCNEdUuMtrLFBj5mZXdGP5aGu0CjHTw&sig2=ZN_L4Y7TBtE9s5imAfNMfA

Kind regards,
Susan

Assumption of independence:

We assume that the data values are independent of each other. That is: there's no reason to believe that one person's death depends on another's or that they have the same underlying root cause.

Assumption of randomization:

Were the data created from a random experiment? No, they were not. This is an observational, not an experimental condition.

10% condition:

Is the sample size no more than 10% of the population?

The population is "heart attack victims who didn't have surgery". Since New York's population is less than 10% of the population of the US, it's reasonable to assume that the sample studied is less than the population in the same time period just in the US.

Sample size assumption/Success-failure assumption (assumption of normality)

Some people use n>= 10; I used n>=5. Either way, we expect the smaller proportion to be greater than 5.

Expert TypeMaster's Degree
Category: Calculus and Above
Pos. Feedback: 100.0 %
Accepts: 77
Answered: 6/25/2012

Experience: Tutor for Algebra, Geometry, Statistics. Explaining math in plain English.

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Customer replied329 days and 8 hours ago.

I'm sorry my text uses a n>=10 not five when discussing the success/failure condition?. what is the difference and how will that affect the answer related to the above first question.

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Expert:  SusanAthena replied329 days and 7 hours ago.

That's no problem. The result is exactly the same. In this case, n = 1410, so whether 5 or 10 is the threshold, we're well above that.

Kind regards,
Susan

Expert TypeMaster's Degree
Category: Calculus and Above
Pos. Feedback: 100.0 %
Accepts: 77
Answered: 6/25/2012

Experience: Tutor for Algebra, Geometry, Statistics. Explaining math in plain English.

Ask this Expert a Question >
Customer replied322 days and 19 hours ago.

Can you help me with a problem set of questions? I will tip.

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Expert:  SusanAthena replied322 days and 15 hours ago.

Hi. Thanks for your question! Please post your questions and I'll see if I can assist.

Kind regards,
Susan

 
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